World cotton area distribution and cotton yarn export analysis
First, the distribution of the world cotton area：
The special growth conditions of cotton are a kind of hot crops, which also have certain demand for water. However, during the flowering period (ie pollination period) and harvest period, it is not rainy or hi-light, so the area with dry climate but sufficient irrigation water source is most suitable for cotton planting. It can be seen that the world cotton growing areas are mainly concentrated in China, India, Africa, Brazil, Morocco, Australia, Pakistan, Central Asia, West Asia, the United States, Europe and other regions.
Second, the characteristics of cotton in each producing area：
1. China production area:
Divided from the region, there are mainly three major cotton-producing areas, namely the Xinjiang cotton area, the Yellow River basin cotton area, and the Yangtze River basin cotton area.
A. In Xinjiang, the cotton yield level is high, the original cotton color is good, the “three wire” content is lower than other cotton areas, and the 40s-60s yarn can be spun.
B. In the Yellow River Basin, the color is good, the gloss is good, the fiber length is long, the short velvet rate is low, the strength is good, the micronaire value is small, and 40 yarns can be spun, but three filaments are more.
C. The characteristics of cotton in the Yangtze River Basin are good maturity, the micronaire value is too large, the fiber is coarse, and the cotton clone value of more than 80% is more than 4, the three filaments are less, the short pile rate is lower than that of Henan, and the color is gray. Spinning 21, 32 yarns.
2. Indian production area:
Due to the abundant light in India, it provides better growth requirements for cotton maturity. India imported cotton yarn with high strength and good breaking strength. It will not be easily broken during the production process. The fabric produced is bright and bright, and has high color fastness. It will not appear faded or faded after being dyed for a long time.
There are three varieties of cotton in India: short fiber (including short fiber, medium fiber) belongs to Indian soil cotton; medium and long fiber (including long and long fiber) belongs to American upland cotton; extra long fiber belongs to upland cotton and Egyptian cotton variety . Varieties include Deshi, J34, V797, LRA, MECH1, Bunny, Shankar-6, MCU5, DCH32, Suvin.
The consistency and uniformity of cotton in India is poor, the rate of short velvet is as high as 15%, the water is large, the processing of the top rollers, the high content of impurities, and the three filaments. Generally, the cotton is slightly better than the cotton in Pakistan. At present, India's cotton imports are the largest.
The best cotton is Shankar-6 (S-6), which is produced in Gujarat. It can be spun 21 and 32 pieces. Spinning and air spinning of 21 and below can be spun in other regions.
3. African producing areas:
Due to the vast size of Africa, cotton producing areas are divided into two regions due to climate, geographical location, etc.: Egypt and West Africa.
A. Egyptian production area: Egyptian cotton is of good quality. The long-staple cotton produced is the best in the world. The fiber is slender and strong. It can spin more than 100 yarns. The color is partial milk but the silk is good and the dyeing is good. China mainly imports Egyptian long-staple cotton varieties. The main varieties of Egyptian long-staple cotton exports are Giza 70, 88 and 86, of which Giza 88 is the best long-staple cotton.
B. West Africa: West Africa cotton color is partial milk, suitable for spinning machine weaving, can be spun yarn for more than 40s. Cameroon cotton is strong and has a good micronaire value, mainly for grade A cotton; Mali cotton has good spinnability but poor consistency.
4. Brazil and Morocco producing areas:
A. Brazil production area: Due to sufficient sunshine, high accumulated temperature and no frost all year round, cotton has good maturity, bright color, good quality and high yield potential. Brazil is located in the southern hemisphere and has a vast territory. The unique geographical location and climatic conditions allow the country to harvest two seasons of cotton per year; in addition, 65% of the world's cotton-producing countries need to grow cotton by artificial irrigation, while Brazil's cotton-producing areas are concentrated in the country's abundant midwest. In this region, cotton production accounts for 83% of Brazil's total cotton production, eliminating the need for manual irrigation and greatly reducing planting costs. No three filaments, cotton with fiber length of 28.5mm or more accounted for 45%, strength of 27.1GPT or more accounted for 61%, micronaire value of 3.8-4.2 accounted for 72%, uniformity of 80%, good maturity, spinnable Good sex, can spin more than 40 yarns. For cotton companies in China, the only drawback to using Brazilian cotton is that the shipping period is longer, usually 2-3 months.
B. Moroccan production area:
In addition to some mechanical picking, most of the cotton is manually picked. The cotton in Mexico is all ginned with a sawtooth machine. The color is white, the length is average, the fineness is slightly thick, the miscellaneous is less, and the maturity is good; but the ginning is like American cotton, the cotton knot is better. More, the uniformity is poor.
5. Australian production area:
Australian cotton fiber quality is generally 28-30mm in length, strength 30-32, micronaire value is 3.7-4.5, white, good maturity, machine cotton, three less. Australian cotton grade is relatively high, except for US cotton SJV, CA, Australia cotton is the best, mainly grade 2, generally SM above 40%, M~M+ accounted for 50%, SLM~SLM+ accounted for 9%, SLM below 1% .
6. Pakistani production area:
Pakistani cotton is mainly in the three grades of 1467, AFZAL and ALAKA. The AFZAL is standard grade, the length is 26mm, the micronaire value is 3.6~4.6, and the strength is 25GPT or higher. The water is particularly large, with more than three filaments, and only low-count ring spinning and air spinning can be spun. According to the length of the fiber, it is divided into four categories: short velvet (less than 21 mm), medium velvet (21 to 25 mm), medium and long velvet (26 to 28 mm) and long velvet (28 to 33 mm). Medium long velvet generally accounts for 60-70% of the total output.
7. Central Asia, West Asia:
A. Uzbekistan: Uzbekistan is the largest cotton producer and exporter in Central Asia. More than 95% of the cotton fibers are 32 mm to 33 mm long, and the rest are long-staple cotton (the length of cotton fibers is 36 mm to 39). Mm. Uzbekistan cotton is similar to Xinjiang cotton, with micronaire value of 3.5-4.9, good horse value, long fiber length, good internal value, low lint rate, good gloss, more expensive than US cotton except SJV, spinnable More than 40 yarns, but sugary, not well processed
B, other countries:
The cotton yield in the following countries is not high, and the amount of cotton imported from China in the following countries is relatively small.
1) Turkmenistan
The southernmost tip of Central Asia, the second largest cotton producing country in Central Asia, 4/5 of the country is the Karakum Desert, 80% of the country's land area has no surface runoff, with an annual output of 450,000 tons of cotton. The cotton textile industry has a weak foundation and cotton net. export country.
2), Tajikistan
There are 800,000 hectares of agricultural land in 4 million hectares of agricultural land, 40% of which are cotton fields. Tajikistan is the third largest cotton-producing country in Central Asia, with an annual output of about 300,000 tons of lint cotton. It is a high-quality fine-fiber cotton producing area. In the early 1990s, Tajikistan’s lint yield exceeded 100 kg/mu, an important raw cotton exporter. In the next 5 to 10 years, both cotton output and foreign trade will be basically stable at the current level.
3), Kazakhstan
In 2004, the cotton field in Kazakhstan was 219,300 hectares, equivalent to 3.289 million mu, and the annual output of lint was about 150,000 tons. It is expected that in the next 5 to 10 years, the cotton production and demand will continue to grow at a steady rate.
4) Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan has an annual output of more than 80,000 tons of lint, but in the trade of cotton and cotton textiles, Kyrgyzstan and China have not yet formed a regular large-scale trade.
5) Azerbaijan
In 2005, the output of seed cotton was nearly 200,000 tons, and the output of lint was expected to reach 6 to 65,000 tons.
6), Turkey
The Turkish cotton producing areas are located in the lower elevations of the west coast and the southern coast to the northeast. Cotton has high yield and good quality.
7), Iran
The cotton area of the Iranian plateau is small, mainly distributed in northern Iran and southern Afghanistan. It mainly produces short and medium fiber types of American upland cotton.
8) Syrian cotton
Aleppo is an important cotton-producing region in Syria, with more than 30,000 hectares in the Aleppo cotton field. Three excellent ginning companies and nearly half of the ginning plants and more than half of the country's specialized textile mills are located here. The cotton grade is consistent: the cotton grade and the grade difference between the groups must not exceed 1/2 grade. Uniform fiber length: the length difference must not exceed 1/16”. The fiber grade is consistent: it is guaranteed to be representative cotton.
9), Israel
Jordan Valley
For the Aiko cotton series in California, the Pima cotton planting area is about 10%, the cashmere length is 35mm or more, and the high-count yarn of 80-100 pieces can be spun.
8. the United States producing areas:
The United States is the world's largest cotton exporter and the third largest cotton producer. The US cotton has good consistency, good maturity, coarseness, no sugar, no machine, no trifilament, mainly third grade or above. Grade, grade 4 US cotton for low count yarn. The main cotton producing areas in the United States are concentrated in the southern states of 30-38 degrees north latitude.
A. Western Cotton Region: California, Arizona, New Mexico. This region is the production base for high-grade cotton in the United States. This region accounts for about 22% of total US production, mostly for export. Cotton in this area:
Produced in the California/Arizona region, the "DPL-90" variety of cotton has a higher grade, but is slightly lower than SJV cotton, and the price ranks third. Generally, cotton above grade 3 accounts for 75%, and the average length is higher than 27.8mm.
B, Southwest Cotton District:
The quality of cotton is mainly in the middle and low grades, the average fiber length is less than 27mm, the micronaire range is 3.5-4.9, the average is 4.2, and the strong range is 25-30GPT, which is 28.2GPT. In the US cotton, the cotton grade in the region is the lowest, mainly used for air spinning.
C, Central South Cotton Region:
The average fiber length is higher than 27 mm, the micronaire range is 4.0-5.0, the average is 4.6, the strength range is 25-20 GPT, and the average is 28.6 GPT.
D, Southeast Cotton District:
The cotton grade range SLM-M in this area has an average fiber length of over 27 mm, a micronaire range of 3.8-4.9, an average of 4.5, a strong range of 25-30 GPT, and an average of 27.7 GPT.
E, American long-staple cotton:
The varieties include S-6 and S-7, of which S-7 is the main variety of American long-staple cotton, and its fiber length is 35mm-38.1mm. The micronaire value is 3.5-4.5, the average fiber strength is 41 GPT, the Pima S-6 fiber length is 35 mm-36.5 mm, the micronaire value is 3.5-4.7, and the average fiber strength is 38 GPT. Pima cotton can be used for ring spinning to produce 60 or higher counts of cotton yarn.
Due to considerations such as purchase unit price and shipping distance, it is generally not considered that US cotton is considered within the scope of procurement.
9.European production areas:
The European producing areas mainly include Greece and Spain.
A. Greek production area:
Greece is the only country in the world that produces high-fiber cotton in the highlands. It does not produce long-staple cotton, and the shortest length of short-staple cotton is 27.8mm.
Usually, 65% to 70% of the annual output of Greek cotton is 21-31 (the white color of the US cotton international cotton standard), and the length is 1-3/32" to 1-5/32", Ma The clone value (Micronaire) was 3.6 to 4.5 and the potency was 28.5 to 30.5 GPT.
Greek cotton grows by irrigation, the grade is generally higher than the United States, the cotton is white, the machine is mining, there is no trifilament, no sugar, and the spinnability is good.
B, Spain production area:
Cotton production is concentrated in the Andalucía region, which accounts for about 95% of the country's cotton acreage. The cotton grade standard is divided into white cotton and color cotton, which basically refer to the US general cotton standard. Spanish cotton is processed well, white, but sugary, and sugary uneven, China has imported Spanish cotton, but the import volume is not large.
Third, the main brands and export situation of cotton yarn in each cotton yarn exporting country
1. Indian exporting countries:
Brand name
India AEGAN JC21S/1
India KIKANI JC21S
Indian leaves C21.2S/1OE (air spinning)
Indian Mohan C21S/1OE (air spinning)
India KIKANI C32S/1 high with
Indian hot Lisa C32S/1 high with
India's best C32S/1 high with
Indonesian DN C32S/1 package float
India AEGAN JC32S/1
India GROSPINZ JC32S/1
India KIKANI JC32S/1
India which Haha JC32S/1
Indian hot Lisa JC32S/1
India KIKANI C40S/1
India GTN JC40S/1
India INDU JC40S/1
India KIKANI JC40S/1
Indian hot Lisa JC40S/1
India KIKANI JC26S/1
India BEST C26S/1
Indian ICM C16S/1 woven
India Silk Bimei JC21.5S/1
India has an advantage of 21-40 yarns, but the Indian cotton yarn has a high content of three yarns, which is not suitable for high-grade products and solid color dyeing. Indian cotton mainly uses domestic cotton, and its auxiliary cotton is high-grade American cotton, West African cotton and some cotton wool from Central Asia Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan.
Indian cotton yarn disadvantages:
1) Because Indian cotton generally uses the roller mill to gin the cotton, its processing technology is relatively backward, and the cotton is more polluted during picking, and the additional cost will increase the bleaching cost;
2) Due to backward technology, there is a lack of lint cleaning procedures in the processing of cotton in India, so cotton has more impurities and increases post-processing costs;
3) Due to the ginning technology and small-scale operation, many varieties of cotton are mixed together, which greatly affects the consistency of cotton yarn quality.
4), the packaging is poor, sometimes the cotton yarn used for trade is not marked, after a long time of transportation will lead to cotton pollution, cotton bag damage.
Indian cotton advantages:
1) Most Indian cotton yarns are embossed by a roller mill, which can effectively enhance the strength of cotton yarn. The price of cotton yarn processed by this technology is about 5 minutes lower than that of machine picking cotton, and the grade is also better;
2) India has a good geographical advantage and adapts to different varieties of cotton planting. Therefore, the quality of cotton yarn is diverse and can meet the spinning requirements of many different industries in China;
3), Indian cotton yarn neps are recognized worldwide, especially the locally produced ShanKar-6 cotton, which is a representative of cotton varieties with less cotton neps in the world. The cotton yarn processed with this cotton has fewer knots and no cotton. Advantage of the knot;
4) The luster and color of Indian cotton yarn is recognized as one of the best cotton yarns in the world.
India has four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine and abundant rainfall. The cotton yarn produced is almost entirely dependent on natural rainfall. Therefore, the cotton planting period in this area is relatively stable. Compared with other varieties of cotton grown in other regions, the local light and heat are good, so that cotton has Maturity is guaranteed, fiber length is good, and strength is high.
Cotton yarn exports are mainly targeted at China, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Turkey and Egypt.
2. Pakistani cotton yarn of imported cotton yarn:
Brand name
Pakistan EJAZ C21.2S/1
President of Pakistan C21S/1
Pakistan high with peach C21S/1
Pakistani cotton yarn has obvious advantages with 7-32 yarns. Because of good cotton blending, good quality and high production efficiency of weaving. Due to the high horse value, the dyeing performance is good, especially for making some dark varieties.
Pakistan uses cotton mainly for domestic and imported Indian cotton.
Pakistan cotton yarn advantages:
1) The biggest characteristic of Pakistani cotton is that the cotton fiber is thick and the micronaire value is short, so the printing and dyeing of cotton yarn has the advantages of good coloring and quick and uniform absorption;
2) The fabric produced by Pakistani cotton yarn has excellent dyeing rate and high coloring rate, which can save dyes and save costs. Colleagues who reduce costs can also improve the quality of finished products.
3) There are many varieties of cotton in Pakistan, and the cotton fiber is long. Especially the varieties such as B557 NT K68-9 and MNH-93 occupy the main position in economic and trade transactions. The grades generally reach the national standard and above the standard level, and the length is 1-1. -32, the micronaire value is 4.0-4.6, the average strength reaches 35GPT or higher, according to the length of cotton fiber can be divided into short velvet, medium velvet, medium long velvet and long velvet cotton.
Pakistan cotton yarn disadvantages:
Because Pakistan's micronaire value is a little shorter, it is more suitable for weaving the low count cotton yarn of 10, 21, 32 and so on.
The exported cotton yarn is mainly for China and Europe.
3. In addition to the above two main imported yarns, there are other cotton yarns from ASEAN countries:
Brand name
Vietnam TONKOOK C21S/1 high with
Vietnam Central South C21S/1 high with
Vietnam TRALY C32S/1
Vietnamese extraterrestrial C21S/1
Vietnamese extraterrestrial C32S/1
Vietnam's yarn mills mainly use "no three filaments" of US cotton, Brazilian cotton and West African cotton, Central Asian cotton, and printed cotton. The main advantages of imported cotton yarn in Vietnam are:
1), Vietnam cotton yarn is strong and not easy to break;
2) The cotton fabric woven by the cotton yarn is colorful, bright and not easy to fade, and can ensure good color fastness of the fabric;
3), Vietnamese yarn feels soft, the fabric produced is smooth, comfortable to wear, soft to the touch, elastic and feel good;
4), the more cotton moisturizing and breathable performance, the clothing made with it is comfortable and casual to wear, does not irritate the skin, is more suitable for making underwear and children's clothing;
5), Vietnam imported yarn with less impurities, easy to produce and process, the processed cotton yarn fabric has good gloss, the fabric is smooth and delicate, and the fabric made of this fabric has high gloss and can fully reflect the wearer's temperament and grade.
The cotton yarn exported from Vietnam is mainly targeted at the southeastern part of China.
